Hope Management Theory
Hope Management Theory
Hope Management Theory
John J. Liptak, Ed.D.
Hope Management Theory
John J. Liptak, Ed.D.
Hope-Based Resilience (HBR) is a process that professionals can use to help people generate enough hope to cope with any transitions or changes in their lives. HBR helps people generate extreme levels of hope that act as a shield of resilience, generate positive stress, and transcend the effects of stress and its consequential negative emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. According to HBR Theory, hope is the most potent positive emotion people can experience. HBR encourages people to trigger, harness, and maintain hope by making deliberate and conscious decisions that lead to the transcendence of stress, trauma, and the negative emotions connected with change.
HBR theory developed over time....
Change & Transition
Transitions are about adapting to change. For whatever reason, your career and life are changing. You are making the transition from unemployment to employment. Hope-Based Resilience, or HBR, suggests that you, like all people, will go through many transitions in your life. You experience change as “collisions” with your future. Your future is changing (or about to change), and you have many different emotions about the change, think about ways you can influence the change, and do what you can to influence your future. You feel like you have limitations but also opportunities, options, and tremendous possibilities. You can engage creatively by planning a future career and life path to develop extreme levels of hope and success.
HBR suggests that you encounter three critical collision points:
Repair Process #1: Envision Future You
HBR utilizes the Hierarchy of Hope* model to help you use cognitive flexibility to create a new purpose in your life after you experience significant changes. These changes are pivotal events or turning points. When your life moves in a new direction, it may be due to external, global events or internal changes you actively make.
* Taken from Liptak, J., and Scallon, M. (2021). Cognitive Flexibility. Bookboon. https://bookboon.com/en/cognitive-flexibility-ebook
The Hierarchy of Hope demonstrates how to use cognitive flexibility to identify ways to use your turning points as catalysts to create new meaning in your life while successfully getting your needs met. The model of the Hierarchy of Hope is a process comprised of the majority of the therapeutic process:
1) Identify the event forcing you to pivot. Turning points, or pivot events, represent essential changes in your life. Significant events in your life require you to turn, pivot, and think in new and innovative ways. Examples of turning points include graduating from school, getting your first job, getting married or divorced, losing a loved one, having a child, getting promoted, global crises, and environmental emergencies. The good news is that you can successfully adjust to turning points by thinking flexibly. The Hierarchy of Hope helps you draw on your positive experiences of change to identify a transcendent goal constructively, create new meaning and purpose, and avoid falling back into habitual, rigid thinking patterns.
2) Examine your thinking patterns to maintain cognitive flexibility and attach new meanings to events. The following are some ways to examine your turning points: Examine all aspects of your life:
3) Create positive thinking patterns. Rigid thinking occurs when your brain becomes attached to old ways of doing things. This type of thinking might make you feel stuck trying to adjust to your life changes and make it difficult to get your new needs met healthily. If you use cognitive flexibility, you can develop new meaning and purpose, allowing you to move in a new direction. Some questions that can help you begin to think flexibly include:
How can I pivot?
How can I change my lifestyle?
How can I set new priorities?
How can I swivel and move in a new direction?
You encounter the first collision point when you know that your future will change because you are transitioning to a new life and work situation. You find that you are worried and stressed about future changes. To repair the collision, you will investigate change from a developmental perspective, explore your potential interests, imagine many new possibilities, brainstorm career and life options, look at your life with "fresh" eyes, establish a new sense of purpose, think about a Transcendent Goal, and call on your imagination to start to design a new future.
*Liptak, J. and Scallon, M. (In Press). Regaining Control of Your Life: Empowering Young People and Teens after Life-Changing Situations. Marion, IL: Pieces of Learning.
Repair Process #2: Close the Gap Between Present & Future You by assessing the person and pivot point is critical.
1) Exam the client's perspective:
The therapist can start asking such questions to understand the client's perspective about the changes happening in their life:
a) How does the client describe the changes occurring in their life? (What is the presenting issue)?
b) What is the developmentally appropriate language the client uses, and how does the client best express themself (kids or teens)?
c) Is the Pivot Point a personal change or global change (COVID-19 pandemic)?
d) How do clients believe the Pivot Point is affecting their lives?
e) How do clients want the Pivotal Point to improve their lives?
f) How did it prompt the inclusion of negative habits into the person’s lifestyle? Can we take out negative habits?
g) How is the client experiencing change (job, personal, relationship, control, meaning, etc.)?
h) How can the person create new meaning out of this experience (e.g., a shift in priorities, etc.) to maintain hope?
i) How has thinking interfered with the person’s ability to move forward?
j) How has the person conceptualized this change and how has this change or pivotal point changed their perspective on life?
k) Why has the person been reluctant to change?
l) How can the person be more proactive in meeting their needs?
m) How are the client’s priorities shifting, and how does this new meaning result in a different priority of their needs?
2) Assess the client's new needs and meaning during the change process by conducting a "Hope Audit." The Hope Audit can be a formal hope assessment or a general discussion about how the pivot point has depleted hope in five specific NEED areas and how new hope can be increased. The areas mirror a reversal of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
Meaning: How has the client lost a sense of meaning and hope in life? How can the client begin to make a meaningful contribution to the world?
Accomplishment: How can the client begin to feel good about self so far? How can the client begin preparing for additional future successes?
Relationships: How have the clients' relationships changed? How can the client develop additional meaningful, hopeful relationships?
Control: How has the client lost a sense of control in life? How can they regain this control so that they are more hopeful? Clients can maintain hope by changing the meaning of their circumstances and living in a new way.
Engagement: How has the client become less engaged in life? How can the client develop or rediscover skills and talents that will lead to a path of hope?
Repair Process #3: Become Future You by Learning to Manage Hope.
Go to the Hope Management Theory Page for more information and resources.
You can use multiple methods: 1) Stress Management to help people manage their stress symptoms, reactions, and triggers. 2) Hope Management to help people increase hope, enhance hope-based resilience, and eliminate stress:
For Help With Managing Stress:
To Manage Hope:
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